Common discipline vocabulary and argument patterns found in humanities passages: art, literature, philosophy, ethics, and religion.
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- Dialectic
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Philosophical method in which contradictory ideas (thesis and antithesis) are resolved into a synthesis that transcends both- Empiricism
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Philosophical view that knowledge originates primarily from sensory experience rather than innate ideas or pure reason- Categorical imperative
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Kantian principle that an action is moral only if you would will it as a universal law for all rational beings- Virtue ethics
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Ethical theory centering on developing virtuous character traits and moral excellence rather than rules or outcomes alone- Consequentialism
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Ethical theory that morality is determined by the consequences or outcomes of actions- Deontology
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Ethical theory judging actions by adherence to duties and rules, independent of consequences- Epistemology
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Branch of philosophy examining the nature, sources, and limits of human knowledge and justified belief- Ontology
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Philosophical inquiry into the nature of being, existence, and the fundamental structure of reality- Phenomenology
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Philosophical approach examining consciousness and subjective lived experience as it appears to the mind- Existentialism
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Philosophical view that existence precedes essence and individuals are free to create their own meaning and identity- Solipsism
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Metaphysical position that only one's own mind exists with certainty and external reality may not be real- Nominalism
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Position that abstract universals do not exist; only particular concrete objects have independent reality- Philosophical realism
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Belief that universals, abstract entities, and mind-independent reality exist objectively- Rationalism
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Philosophical view that significant knowledge comes through reason and innate ideas rather than experience alone- Utilitarianism
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Ethical theory holding that actions are right if they produce the greatest happiness for the greatest number
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