Risk factor concepts and population-level prevention strategies for major chronic diseases at the introductory public health level.
30 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What is a risk factor in chronic disease epidemiology?
- A characteristic or exposure that increases the probability of developing a disease
- What is the difference between a modifiable and non-modifiable risk factor?
- A modifiable risk factor can be changed through behavior or intervention, while a non-modifiable risk factor, such as age or genetics, cannot
- What are leading modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease?
- Tobacco use, poor diet, physical inactivity, and hypertension
- What is primary prevention in chronic disease?
- Interventions aimed at preventing disease before it occurs, such as vaccination or smoking cessation programs
- What is secondary prevention in chronic disease?
- Early detection and treatment of disease through screening before symptoms appear
- What is tertiary prevention in chronic disease?
- Reducing the impact of an already established disease through treatment and rehabilitation
- What is population attributable risk (PAR)?
- The proportion of disease incidence in a population that could be eliminated if a risk factor were removed
- What does the term multifactorial disease mean in chronic disease epidemiology?
- A disease caused by the interaction of multiple genetic and environmental risk factors
- What is the risk factor most strongly associated with lung cancer?
- Cigarette smoking
- What is a surveillance system used for in chronic disease epidemiology?
- To systematically track disease trends and risk factor prevalence over time in a population
- What national survey collects chronic disease risk factor data through telephone interviews in the United States?
- The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)
- What is the metabolic syndrome?
- A cluster of conditions, including abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, and abnormal cholesterol, that increase cardiovascular risk
- What is the primary behavioral intervention target for reducing type 2 diabetes incidence in high-risk individuals?
- Weight loss through diet and physical activity
- What is the population-level strategy of prevention described by Geoffrey Rose?
- Shifting the risk factor distribution of an entire population slightly rather than only targeting high-risk individuals
- What is the prevention paradox described by Geoffrey Rose?
- A preventive measure that brings large benefits to the population often offers little benefit to each participating individual
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