Vaccine effectiveness, herd immunity, and immunization program concepts tested at the introductory public health level.
30 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What is vaccine effectiveness?
- A measure of how well a vaccine performs in preventing disease under real-world conditions
- What is vaccine efficacy?
- A measure of how well a vaccine performs in preventing disease under the controlled conditions of a clinical trial
- What is herd immunity?
- Indirect protection from infectious disease that occurs when a sufficient proportion of a population is immune, reducing disease spread
- What is the herd immunity threshold?
- The minimum proportion of a population that must be immune to interrupt sustained disease transmission
- What factor primarily determines the herd immunity threshold for a given disease?
- The basic reproduction number (R0) of the pathogen
- What is the basic reproduction number (R0)?
- The average number of secondary infections produced by one infected individual in a fully susceptible population
- What is active immunity?
- Immunity produced by a person's own immune system in response to an antigen, such as through infection or vaccination
- What is passive immunity?
- Immunity provided by receiving antibodies from another source, such as maternal antibodies or immune globulin
- What is a live attenuated vaccine?
- A vaccine containing a weakened form of a live pathogen that stimulates a strong, durable immune response
- What is an inactivated (killed) vaccine?
- A vaccine containing a pathogen that has been killed and cannot replicate, often requiring booster doses
- What is an mRNA vaccine?
- A vaccine that delivers genetic instructions for cells to produce a viral protein, triggering an immune response
- What is a subunit vaccine?
- A vaccine containing only a specific piece of the pathogen, such as a protein, rather than the whole organism
- What is a conjugate vaccine?
- A vaccine that links a weak antigen, such as a bacterial polysaccharide, to a stronger carrier protein to improve immune response, especially in young children
- Why are live attenuated vaccines generally contraindicated in immunocompromised individuals?
- Because the weakened pathogen could potentially cause disease in someone unable to mount a normal immune response
- What is vaccine hesitancy?
- A delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccination despite the availability of vaccine services
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