Insulin regimen selection, monitoring targets, and diabetic complication screening in clinical practice, distinct from the mechanism-of-action focus of the pharmacology deck.
40 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What is the first-line pharmacologic agent for type 2 diabetes in most patients?
- Metformin
- What is a basal-bolus insulin regimen?
- Long-acting background insulin plus short or rapid-acting insulin given before meals
- Name a commonly used long-acting (basal) insulin.
- Insulin glargine (or detemir, degludec)
- Name a commonly used rapid-acting insulin.
- Insulin lispro (or aspart, glulisine)
- What is a typical starting total daily insulin dose for a newly diagnosed patient?
- About 0.5 units per kg per day
- In a basal-bolus regimen, what percentage of total daily insulin is usually given as basal?
- About 50 percent
- What does the 1800 rule estimate?
- The insulin sensitivity (correction) factor: how much 1 unit of rapid-acting insulin lowers blood glucose
- What does the 500 rule estimate?
- The insulin-to-carbohydrate ratio: grams of carbohydrate covered by 1 unit of insulin
- The ADA recommends a general HbA1c goal of less than ____ for most nonpregnant adults with diabetes.
- 7%
- What HbA1c goal is often used for older or frail adults with diabetes?
- Less than 8% (individualized, less strict target)
- The ADA fasting and preprandial glucose target range is ____.
- 80 to 130 mg/dL
- The ADA peak postprandial glucose target is less than ____.
- 180 mg/dL
- How often should HbA1c be checked in a patient at goal with stable therapy?
- Every 6 months
- How often should HbA1c be checked in a patient not at goal or with recently changed therapy?
- Every 3 months
- What blood glucose level defines hypoglycemia?
- Less than 70 mg/dL