APUSH periods 5 through 6, roughly 1800 to 1898, covering westward expansion, the Civil War, Reconstruction, and industrialization.
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- What was Manifest Destiny?
- The belief that American expansion westward to the Pacific Ocean was justified and inevitable.
- What did the Indian Removal Act of 1830 authorize?
- The forced relocation of Native American tribes from eastern lands to territory west of the Mississippi River.
- What is the Trail of Tears?
- The forced westward migration of Cherokee, Creek, and other tribes in the 1830s-1840s, resulting in thousands of deaths.
- What did the Louisiana Purchase of 1803 accomplish?
- It acquired approximately 828,000 square miles of territory from France, doubling the size of the United States.
- What was the significance of the Monroe Doctrine?
- It warned European powers not to interfere in the Americas, establishing the Western Hemisphere as within the US sphere of influence.
- What was the Mexican-American War fought over?
- American expansionist ambitions to acquire Mexican territory; officially triggered by a border dispute in Texas.
- What territories did the United States gain from the Mexican-American War?
- Present-day California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, and parts of Wyoming and Colorado.
- What was the Compromise of 1850?
- A series of five bills that temporarily eased sectional tensions by admitting California as a free state while allowing slavery in other new territories through popular sovereignty.
- What did the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 do?
- It replaced the Missouri Compromise by allowing settlers in Kansas and Nebraska to decide on slavery through popular sovereignty.
- What did the Dred Scott decision of 1857 rule?
- That enslaved people were not citizens and had no rights, and that Congress could not ban slavery in territories.
- Who won the 1860 presidential election?
- Abraham Lincoln, who opposed slavery expansion and won without any southern electoral votes.
- What prompted the southern states to secede in 1860-1861?
- The election of Lincoln and fear that Republicans would restrict slavery's expansion and threaten slavery itself.
- What was the first battle of the Civil War?
- The Battle of Fort Sumter in April 1861, when Confederate forces bombarded the federal fort in Charleston Harbor.
- Who was the commanding general of the Union Army by 1864?
- Ulysses S. Grant, known for his aggressive tactics and eventual victory at Appomattox.
- Who was the commanding general of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia?
- Robert E. Lee, considered the South's most capable general.