Grammar structures commonly required for high-scoring TOEFL and IELTS essay writing, including complex sentence formation.
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- What is subject-verb agreement?
- The rule that a verb must match its subject in number, singular with singular and plural with plural
- What is a simple sentence?
- A sentence with one independent clause containing a subject and a verb
- What is a compound sentence?
- Two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as 'and', 'but', or 'so'
- What does the acronym FANBOYS stand for?
- For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So, the seven coordinating conjunctions
- What is a complex sentence?
- A sentence containing one independent clause and at least one dependent clause
- What is a subordinating conjunction?
- A word that introduces a dependent clause and connects it to an independent clause
- What is a relative clause?
- A clause that provides more information about a noun, often introduced by 'who', 'which', or 'that'
- When should 'who' be used instead of 'which' in a relative clause?
- 'Who' refers to people, while 'which' refers to things or animals
- What is a comma splice?
- An error where two independent clauses are joined only by a comma without a conjunction
- What is a run-on sentence?
- A sentence that incorrectly joins two or more independent clauses without proper punctuation or conjunctions
- What is a sentence fragment?
- An incomplete sentence that is missing a subject, a verb, or a complete thought
- What is parallel structure in a sentence?
- Using the same grammatical form for items in a list or series
- Why is parallel structure important in essay writing?
- It makes sentences clearer and grammatically correct, especially in lists and comparisons
- What is the zero conditional used for?
- General truths or facts that are always true, using present tense in both clauses
- What is the first conditional used for?
- Real or likely future situations, using present tense in the if-clause and 'will' in the main clause
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