Grammar structures commonly required for high-scoring TOEFL and IELTS essay writing, including complex sentence formation.
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- What is subject-verb agreement?
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The rule that a verb must match its subject in number, singular with singular and plural with plural- What is a simple sentence?
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A sentence with one independent clause containing a subject and a verb- What is a compound sentence?
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Two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as 'and', 'but', or 'so'- What does the acronym FANBOYS stand for?
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For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So, the seven coordinating conjunctions- What is a complex sentence?
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A sentence containing one independent clause and at least one dependent clause- What is a subordinating conjunction?
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A word that introduces a dependent clause and connects it to an independent clause- What is a relative clause?
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A clause that provides more information about a noun, often introduced by 'who', 'which', or 'that'- When should 'who' be used instead of 'which' in a relative clause?
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'Who' refers to people, while 'which' refers to things or animals- What is a comma splice?
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An error where two independent clauses are joined only by a comma without a conjunction- What is a run-on sentence?
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A sentence that incorrectly joins two or more independent clauses without proper punctuation or conjunctions- What is a sentence fragment?
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An incomplete sentence that is missing a subject, a verb, or a complete thought- What is parallel structure in a sentence?
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Using the same grammatical form for items in a list or series- Why is parallel structure important in essay writing?
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It makes sentences clearer and grammatically correct, especially in lists and comparisons- What is the zero conditional used for?
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General truths or facts that are always true, using present tense in both clauses- What is the first conditional used for?
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Real or likely future situations, using present tense in the if-clause and 'will' in the main clause
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