Key AP European History terms, movements, and events from the Renaissance onward.
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- What cultural and intellectual movement emphasized humanism, classical learning, and individualism from the 14th-17th centuries?
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The Renaissance- Which printing technology, invented around 1440, enabled mass production of books and spread ideas across Europe?
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The movable type printing press- What 1517 event, sparked by Martin Luther's critique of indulgences, divided Western Christianity?
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The Protestant Reformation- Which 1555 agreement ended religious conflict between Catholics and Protestants in the Holy Roman Empire, establishing the principle of cuius regio, eius religio?
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Peace of Augsburg- What global exploration and trade system, starting in the 15th century, connected Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Americas?
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The Age of Exploration- What 1494 treaty divided newly discovered lands in the Americas between Spain and Portugal?
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Treaty of Tordesillas- What intellectual movement of the 17th-18th centuries emphasized reason, empirical observation, and natural laws over traditional authority?
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The Scientific Revolution- Which heliocentric model, published in 1543, positioned the sun at the center of the cosmos?
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Copernican model or heliocentric theory- What 18th-century intellectual movement promoted reason, individual rights, progress, and challenged religious dogma and absolute monarchy?
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The Enlightenment- Name the Enlightenment philosopher who proposed the separation of powers into legislative, executive, and judicial branches.
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Montesquieu- Which Enlightenment thinker wrote The Social Contract and advocated popular sovereignty?
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau- What system of economic thought, promoted by Adam Smith and others, emphasized free markets and limited government intervention?
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Laissez-faire capitalism or classical liberalism- What event in 1789 initiated radical social and political upheaval in France, including the Declaration of the Rights of Man?
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The French Revolution- What period of the French Revolution, from 1793-1794, saw mass execution of aristocrats and perceived enemies of the state?
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The Reign of Terror- What was the radical assembly established during the French Revolution that abolished feudalism and proclaimed human rights?
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The National Assembly or National Constituent Assembly
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