Cellular respiration, photosynthesis, and cell signaling concepts tested on AP Biology.
37 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What is the overall equation for aerobic cellular respiration?
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C6H12O6 + 6O2 yields 6CO2 + 6H2O + approximately 30-32 ATP- Which organelle is the primary site of cellular respiration?
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Mitochondrion- What does the term 'substrate-level phosphorylation' mean?
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Direct transfer of a phosphate group from a substrate molecule to ADP to form ATP, without using an electron transport chain- What is the net ATP yield from glycolysis?
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2 ATP (4 ATP produced minus 2 ATP consumed)- In which compartment of the mitochondrion does glycolysis occur?
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Glycolysis does not occur in the mitochondrion; it occurs in the cytoplasm- What is the first product of glycolysis?
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Pyruvate (or pyruvic acid)- What does NAD+ accept during glycolysis?
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Electrons (and a proton), becoming reduced to NADH- Before entering the Krebs cycle, what happens to pyruvate?
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Pyruvate is oxidized and combines with Coenzyme A to form Acetyl-CoA, releasing CO2- How many times does the Krebs cycle turn for each glucose molecule?
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Two times (once for each pyruvate produced by glycolysis)- What is the primary function of the Krebs cycle?
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To extract electrons from carbon-containing molecules and release them to electron carriers (NADH and FADH2)- Which molecule directly donates electrons to the electron transport chain?
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NADH and FADH2- What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?
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Oxygen (O2), which combines with electrons and protons to form water- How does the electron transport chain produce ATP?
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Electrons lose energy as they move through the chain; this energy pumps protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, creating a gradient; protons flow back through ATP synthase, driving ATP synthesis- Which process produces more ATP, glycolysis or the Krebs cycle?
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Neither directly; the electron transport chain produces the most ATP by far through chemiosmosis- What is fermentation and why does it occur?
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Anaerobic cellular respiration where pyruvate is converted to lactate or ethanol to regenerate NAD+, allowing glycolysis to continue without oxygen
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