Foundational biology vocabulary spanning cells, genetics, ecology, and evolution for a general biology course. Front: the term. Back: a plain-language definition.
36 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- cell
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the basic unit of life; the smallest structure that can carry out all life processes- nucleus
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the membrane-bound structure in eukaryotic cells that contains the cell's DNA- mitochondrion
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the organelle responsible for producing energy (ATP) for the cell through cellular respiration- chloroplast
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the organelle in plant cells where photosynthesis occurs- ribosome
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the organelle that synthesizes proteins by reading messenger RNA- photosynthesis
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the process by which plants convert light energy, water, and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen- cellular respiration
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the process by which cells break down glucose to release energy in the form of ATP- DNA
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the molecule that carries genetic instructions for all living organisms- chromosome
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a structure made of DNA and proteins that carries genes- gene
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a unit of DNA that codes for a specific trait or protein- allele
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a variant form of a gene that produces different traits- dominant trait
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a characteristic that appears in an organism when at least one dominant allele is present- recessive trait
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a characteristic that appears only when two recessive alleles are present- mitosis
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the process of cell division that produces two identical daughter cells- meiosis
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the process of cell division that produces four sex cells with half the chromosome number
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