AP Biology heredity and molecular genetics content including Mendelian genetics, DNA replication, transcription, and translation.
46 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What does the law of segregation state?
Show answer
Allele pairs separate during gamete formation; each gamete receives one allele from each pair.- What does the law of independent assortment state?
Show answer
Alleles of different genes assort independently during gamete formation.- Define genotype.
Show answer
The genetic makeup of an organism; the alleles present for a trait.- Define phenotype.
Show answer
The observable characteristics of an organism, determined by genotype and environment.- What is a dominant allele?
Show answer
An allele that is expressed in the heterozygous condition; masks the recessive allele.- What is a recessive allele?
Show answer
An allele only expressed in the homozygous recessive condition; masked by the dominant allele.- What is a monohybrid cross?
Show answer
A cross between two organisms differing in only one trait.- What is a dihybrid cross?
Show answer
A cross between two organisms differing in two traits.- What is codominance?
Show answer
Both alleles are fully expressed in the heterozygous condition; neither is dominant.- What is incomplete dominance?
Show answer
Neither allele is completely dominant; the heterozygous phenotype is intermediate.- What is a test cross?
Show answer
A cross between an individual expressing the dominant phenotype and a homozygous recessive individual.- What does a Punnett square show?
Show answer
The possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring from a cross, and their expected frequencies.- What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?
Show answer
Adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T).- What is Chargaff's rule?
Show answer
In DNA, the amount of adenine equals thymine and the amount of guanine equals cytosine.- Describe the structure of DNA.
Show answer
DNA is a double helix composed of two antiparallel strands of nucleotides held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs.
FlashKeepers