System-based pediatric gastrointestinal and renal condition assessment findings and priority interventions.
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- What type of vomiting is the hallmark sign of pyloric stenosis?
- Projectile, non-bilious vomiting, usually right after feeding
- In pyloric stenosis, what is the palpable abdominal mass called?
- An olive-shaped mass in the right upper quadrant
- What is the surgical treatment for pyloric stenosis?
- Pyloromyotomy
- What acid-base and electrolyte imbalance is classic in pyloric stenosis from prolonged vomiting?
- Hypochloremic, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
- What stool characteristic is classic for intussusception?
- Currant jelly stool (mixed with blood and mucus)
- How does abdominal pain typically present in a child with intussusception?
- Sudden, severe, intermittent pain with the child drawing knees to chest, followed by pain-free intervals
- What shape is the palpable abdominal mass often felt in intussusception?
- A sausage-shaped mass, usually in the right upper quadrant
- What is the initial nonsurgical treatment for intussusception?
- Air enema or contrast enema to reduce it
- In Hirschsprung disease, the hallmark newborn sign is ____.
- failure to pass meconium within 24 to 48 hours of birth
- What causes the functional bowel obstruction in Hirschsprung disease?
- Absence of ganglion cells in the distal colon
- What stool characteristic is associated with Hirschsprung disease?
- Ribbon-like, foul-smelling stools
- Where is the classic point of tenderness in pediatric appendicitis?
- McBurney's point, in the right lower quadrant
- What does sudden relief of abdominal pain suggest in a child with appendicitis?
- Possible perforation of the appendix
- What positioning intervention helps manage GERD symptoms in infants?
- Keep the infant upright for 20 to 30 minutes after feeding
- Which foods must be avoided in celiac disease?
- Foods containing gluten: wheat, barley, and rye