Common toxidromes, antidotes, and environmental emergencies as tested on USMLE Step 3.
39 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What enzyme does organophosphate poisoning inhibit?
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Acetylcholinesterase- What is the first-line antidote for organophosphate poisoning?
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Atropine- What is the role of pralidoxime (2-PAM) in organophosphate poisoning?
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It reactivates acetylcholinesterase by removing the organophosphate from the enzyme- What are the 'killer B's' of cholinergic toxicity?
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Bradycardia, bronchorrhea, and bronchospasm- What are the classic exam findings of anticholinergic toxicity?
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Hot, dry, flushed skin, dilated pupils, urinary retention, and delirium- What is the antidote for severe anticholinergic toxicity?
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Physostigmine- What is the classic triad of opioid overdose?
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Respiratory depression, pinpoint pupils, and CNS depression- What is the antidote for opioid overdose?
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Naloxone- What are the key findings of sympathomimetic toxidrome?
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Hypertension, tachycardia, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, and agitation with dilated pupils- What are the key findings of sedative-hypnotic toxidrome?
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CNS depression, slurred speech, and ataxia with normal pupil size- What toxic metabolite accumulates in acetaminophen overdose?
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NAPQI (N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine)- What is the antidote for acetaminophen overdose?
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N-acetylcysteine- What tool determines the need for treatment after a single acute acetaminophen ingestion?
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The Rumack-Matthew nomogram- What acid-base disturbance is classically seen in salicylate toxicity?
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A mixed respiratory alkalosis and metabolic acidosis- What is a key treatment for salicylate toxicity?
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Urinary alkalinization with sodium bicarbonate
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