Chronic kidney disease staging, dialysis modality selection, and vascular access concepts in clinical nephrology practice.
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- What is the minimum duration required for kidney abnormalities to be classified as chronic kidney disease (CKD)?
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More than 3 months- What GFR range defines CKD stage G1?
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90 mL/min/1.73m2 or higher (normal or high)- What GFR range defines CKD stage G2?
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60 to 89 mL/min/1.73m2 (mildly decreased)- What GFR range defines CKD stage G3a?
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45 to 59 mL/min/1.73m2- What GFR range defines CKD stage G3b?
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30 to 44 mL/min/1.73m2- What GFR range defines CKD stage G4?
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15 to 29 mL/min/1.73m2 (severely decreased)- What GFR range defines CKD stage G5?
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Below 15 mL/min/1.73m2, termed kidney failure- What albuminuria category is A1?
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Less than 30 mg/g (normal to mildly increased)- What albuminuria category is A2?
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30 to 300 mg/g (moderately increased)- What albuminuria category is A3?
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Greater than 300 mg/g (severely increased)- What is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease in the United States?
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Diabetes mellitus- What is the second most common cause of chronic kidney disease in the United States?
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Hypertension- What does the CKD-EPI equation estimate?
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Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) from serum creatinine- What underlying process primarily drives renal osteodystrophy in CKD?
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Secondary hyperparathyroidism from phosphate retention and low active vitamin D- What is the primary cause of anemia in chronic kidney disease?
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Deficient erythropoietin production by the kidneys
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