Chronic kidney disease staging, dialysis modality selection, and vascular access concepts in clinical nephrology practice.
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- What is the minimum duration required for kidney abnormalities to be classified as chronic kidney disease (CKD)?
- More than 3 months
- What GFR range defines CKD stage G1?
- 90 mL/min/1.73m2 or higher (normal or high)
- What GFR range defines CKD stage G2?
- 60 to 89 mL/min/1.73m2 (mildly decreased)
- What GFR range defines CKD stage G3a?
- 45 to 59 mL/min/1.73m2
- What GFR range defines CKD stage G3b?
- 30 to 44 mL/min/1.73m2
- What GFR range defines CKD stage G4?
- 15 to 29 mL/min/1.73m2 (severely decreased)
- What GFR range defines CKD stage G5?
- Below 15 mL/min/1.73m2, termed kidney failure
- What albuminuria category is A1?
- Less than 30 mg/g (normal to mildly increased)
- What albuminuria category is A2?
- 30 to 300 mg/g (moderately increased)
- What albuminuria category is A3?
- Greater than 300 mg/g (severely increased)
- What is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease in the United States?
- Diabetes mellitus
- What is the second most common cause of chronic kidney disease in the United States?
- Hypertension
- What does the CKD-EPI equation estimate?
- Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) from serum creatinine
- What underlying process primarily drives renal osteodystrophy in CKD?
- Secondary hyperparathyroidism from phosphate retention and low active vitamin D
- What is the primary cause of anemia in chronic kidney disease?
- Deficient erythropoietin production by the kidneys