The public policy process, from agenda setting through implementation and evaluation, from an intro political science course.
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- What is agenda setting in the policy process?
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The process of determining which issues receive attention from policymakers and the public- How does problem definition shape the policy process?
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It frames an issue in ways that suggest particular solutions and determine which actors become involved- What is a policy window?
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A brief period when conditions align to allow a policy issue to move onto the governmental agenda- Name the three independent streams in Kingdon's multiple streams framework.
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Problems, policies, and politics- What occurs during the policy formulation stage?
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Policymakers develop specific solutions and courses of action to address an agenda item- What is policy analysis?
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Systematic examination of alternative policies using evidence and reasoning to assess their likely effects- What does cost-benefit analysis attempt to do?
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Measure all costs and benefits of a policy in monetary or quantifiable terms to compare alternatives- What is policy implementation?
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The stage where laws and decisions are put into action through administration and enforcement- Who are street-level bureaucrats and what power do they have?
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Frontline officials who interact directly with citizens and have discretion over how to apply policy- What is the primary purpose of policy evaluation?
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To assess whether a policy achieved its intended goals and to measure its actual effects- What is summative evaluation?
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Evaluation conducted at the end of a policy to measure overall outcomes and determine success- What is formative evaluation?
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Ongoing evaluation during policy implementation to improve the program and guide adjustments- What is policy diffusion?
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The process by which policies adopted in one jurisdiction spread to other jurisdictions- What is a policy subsystem?
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A network of actors, institutions, and ideas that specialize in a particular policy area- What is an iron triangle in policymaking?
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A stable alliance among a government agency, a congressional committee, and an interest group
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