Major categories of psychological disorders, diagnostic criteria concepts, and treatment approaches from a college abnormal psychology course.
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- What is the DSM-5 and why is it important in abnormal psychology?
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The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, is the primary reference used to classify and diagnose mental disorders in the United States.- Define Major Depressive Disorder.
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A mood disorder characterized by at least two weeks of depressed mood or loss of interest/pleasure in activities, plus additional symptoms like changes in sleep, appetite, energy, concentration, or suicidal thoughts.- What are the two main poles of Bipolar I Disorder?
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Manic episodes (extremely elevated or irritable mood, decreased need for sleep, racing thoughts, risky behavior) and depressive episodes.- What distinguishes Bipolar II Disorder from Bipolar I Disorder?
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Bipolar II includes hypomanic episodes (less severe than manic episodes) instead of full manic episodes, plus depressive episodes.- Define Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD).
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An anxiety disorder marked by persistent, excessive worry about everyday concerns lasting at least six months, accompanied by physical symptoms like muscle tension and sleep disturbance.- What is Panic Disorder?
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An anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent, unexpected panic attacks (sudden intense fear or discomfort with physical symptoms) followed by persistent worry about future attacks.- Define specific phobia.
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An anxiety disorder involving intense, irrational fear of a specific object or situation that leads to avoidance and causes significant distress.- What is Social Anxiety Disorder?
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An anxiety disorder involving intense fear of social situations where the person might be embarrassed, judged, or scrutinized by others, leading to avoidance of those situations.- Define Agoraphobia.
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An anxiety disorder involving intense fear of situations where escape might be difficult or embarrassing, including crowded places, open spaces, or using public transportation.- What are the main symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)?
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Intrusion symptoms (flashbacks, nightmares), avoidance of trauma reminders, negative mood and cognition changes, and altered arousal and reactivity.- Define Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD).
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A disorder involving unwanted, intrusive obsessions (thoughts, images, or urges) and compulsions (repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce anxiety from obsessions).- What is Schizophrenia characterized by?
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A psychotic disorder marked by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorganized or catatonic behavior, and negative symptoms like flat affect or avolition lasting at least one month.- Define a delusion.
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A fixed, false belief that persists despite contradictory evidence, not explained by cultural or religious norms.- What is a hallucination?
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A sensory perception (hearing, seeing, smelling, tasting, or feeling) that occurs without external sensory input.- Define Brief Psychotic Disorder.
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A disorder involving psychotic symptoms lasting between one day and one month, often triggered by a stressor.
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