Motor learning, exercise physiology, and health/PE curriculum concepts tested on the Praxis Physical Education exam. Front: the term or concept. Back: a plain-language definition.
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- Cognitive stage of learning
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The earliest phase of motor learning where the learner focuses on understanding the task and is prone to many errors; conscious, deliberate practice is required.- Associative stage of learning
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The middle phase of motor learning where errors decrease, movement becomes more consistent, and the learner refines technique through practice and feedback.- Autonomous stage of learning
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The final phase of motor learning where the skill becomes automatic, requires minimal conscious attention, and is performed smoothly and efficiently.- Transfer of learning
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The application of a skill or knowledge learned in one context to a different context or new skill.- Motor program
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A pre-structured set of muscle commands that produces a coordinated movement without conscious control or feedback during execution.- Schema theory
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A motor learning theory proposing that learners develop flexible movement rules and relationships between movement parameters rather than storing fixed movement patterns.- Proprioception
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The body's ability to sense its position, movement, and orientation in space through internal sensory receptors, sometimes called kinesthetic awareness.- Intrinsic feedback
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Sensory information generated by the body itself during movement, including proprioceptive and visual cues from the performer's own body.- Extrinsic feedback
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Information about performance provided by an external source, such as a teacher, coach, or video, also called augmented feedback.- Knowledge of results
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Feedback that informs a learner about the outcome or end result of a movement in relation to the goal, such as whether a basketball shot went in.- Knowledge of performance
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Feedback that describes the quality of movement technique itself, such as how the motion was executed, rather than just the outcome.- VO2 max
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The maximum amount of oxygen in milliliters that a person can utilize per kilogram of body weight per minute during intense exercise; a measure of aerobic fitness.- Anaerobic threshold
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The exercise intensity at which lactate begins to accumulate in the blood faster than it can be removed, limiting sustained performance.- Aerobic respiration
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The metabolic process that uses oxygen to produce energy from glucose, occurring in the mitochondria and providing fuel for sustained, low-intensity exercise.- Muscular endurance
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The ability of a muscle or muscle group to perform repeated contractions against resistance over an extended period without fatigue.
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