Motor learning, exercise physiology, and health/PE curriculum concepts tested on the Praxis Physical Education exam. Front: the term or concept. Back: a plain-language definition.
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- Cognitive stage of learning
- The earliest phase of motor learning where the learner focuses on understanding the task and is prone to many errors; conscious, deliberate practice is required.
- Associative stage of learning
- The middle phase of motor learning where errors decrease, movement becomes more consistent, and the learner refines technique through practice and feedback.
- Autonomous stage of learning
- The final phase of motor learning where the skill becomes automatic, requires minimal conscious attention, and is performed smoothly and efficiently.
- Transfer of learning
- The application of a skill or knowledge learned in one context to a different context or new skill.
- Motor program
- A pre-structured set of muscle commands that produces a coordinated movement without conscious control or feedback during execution.
- Schema theory
- A motor learning theory proposing that learners develop flexible movement rules and relationships between movement parameters rather than storing fixed movement patterns.
- Proprioception
- The body's ability to sense its position, movement, and orientation in space through internal sensory receptors, sometimes called kinesthetic awareness.
- Intrinsic feedback
- Sensory information generated by the body itself during movement, including proprioceptive and visual cues from the performer's own body.
- Extrinsic feedback
- Information about performance provided by an external source, such as a teacher, coach, or video, also called augmented feedback.
- Knowledge of results
- Feedback that informs a learner about the outcome or end result of a movement in relation to the goal, such as whether a basketball shot went in.
- Knowledge of performance
- Feedback that describes the quality of movement technique itself, such as how the motion was executed, rather than just the outcome.
- VO2 max
- The maximum amount of oxygen in milliliters that a person can utilize per kilogram of body weight per minute during intense exercise; a measure of aerobic fitness.
- Anaerobic threshold
- The exercise intensity at which lactate begins to accumulate in the blood faster than it can be removed, limiting sustained performance.
- Aerobic respiration
- The metabolic process that uses oxygen to produce energy from glucose, occurring in the mitochondria and providing fuel for sustained, low-intensity exercise.
- Muscular endurance
- The ability of a muscle or muscle group to perform repeated contractions against resistance over an extended period without fatigue.