History, geography, civics, and economics content tested on the Praxis Social Studies: Content Knowledge exam. Front: the term or concept. Back: a plain-language definition.
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- Manifest Destiny
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19th-century belief that the U.S. was destined to expand from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean- Industrial Revolution
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Transition from agricultural to manufacturing-based economy, beginning in 18th-century Britain- Enlightenment
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18th-century intellectual movement emphasizing reason, individual rights, and scientific method- Feudalism
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Medieval system of hierarchical land ownership and obligations between lords and vassals- Renaissance
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Period of cultural and intellectual revival in Europe from the 14th to 17th centuries- Neolithic Revolution
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Transition from hunting-gathering to agriculture, roughly 10,000 BCE- Byzantine Empire
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Continuation of the Eastern Roman Empire centered in Constantinople, lasting until 1453- Columbian Exchange
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Transfer of goods, people, animals, and diseases between Europe and the Americas after 1492- Articles of Confederation
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First U.S. governing document (1781-1789), replaced by the Constitution- Reconstruction
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Period of rebuilding the American South after the Civil War (1865-1877)- Latitude
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Imaginary lines running east-west measuring distance north or south of the equator- Longitude
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Imaginary lines running north-south measuring distance east or west of the Prime Meridian- Cartography
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Science and art of mapmaking- Biome
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Large geographic area with distinct climate, vegetation, and animal life- Erosion
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Gradual wearing away of soil and rock by wind, water, or ice
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