Trait theories, the Big Five, and psychodynamic and humanistic personality theories from a college personality psychology course.
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- What does the Big Five model stand for?
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OCEAN: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism.- What is Openness to Experience?
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The trait reflecting curiosity, imagination, appreciation for art and ideas, and willingness to try new things.- What is Conscientiousness?
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The trait reflecting organization, discipline, responsibility, and tendency to plan ahead.- What is Extraversion?
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The trait reflecting sociability, assertiveness, talkativeness, and tendency to seek stimulation and interaction.- What is Agreeableness?
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The trait reflecting kindness, cooperativeness, empathy, and tendency to be trusting and compassionate.- What is Neuroticism?
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The trait reflecting proneness to negative emotions like anxiety, sadness, anger, and emotional instability.- Who developed the lexical hypothesis in personality psychology?
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Gordon Allport.- What is the lexical hypothesis?
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The idea that personality traits important in human life are encoded in language, so trait words reflect actual differences between people.- Who developed the 16 Personality Factor model?
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Raymond Cattell.- Who identified Extraversion and Neuroticism as key personality dimensions?
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Hans Eysenck.- In Freud's theory, what is the id?
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The most primitive part of personality that operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification of basic drives.- In Freud's theory, what is the ego?
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The rational part of personality that mediates between the id and reality, operating on the reality principle.- In Freud's theory, what is the superego?
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The moral conscience that internalized societal rules and values, operating on the morality principle.- What are Freud's psychosexual stages?
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Five developmental stages: oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital, each centered on a different source of pleasure.- What is Freud's anal stage characterized by?
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Focus on control of bowel and bladder functions; conflicts here lead to anal-retentive or anal-expulsive personality types.
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