Computer Organization and Architecture, unit: Number Systems and Data Representation. Core concepts, terminology, and worked-example cues a college student meets for this unit, building on prior units without repeating them. Front: a term, concept, or short problem cue. Back: the definition, explanation, or answer.
20 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What number system do computers fundamentally use?
- Binary, representing data using only 0s and 1s
- What is a bit?
- The smallest unit of data in computing, representing a 0 or 1
- What is a byte?
- A group of 8 bits
- What is binary (base-2)?
- A number system using only the digits 0 and 1
- What is decimal (base-10)?
- The standard number system using digits 0 through 9
- What is hexadecimal (base-16)?
- A number system using digits 0 through 9 and letters A through F
- Why is hexadecimal commonly used in computing?
- It compactly represents binary values, with each hex digit corresponding to 4 bits
- What is octal (base-8)?
- A number system using digits 0 through 7
- How is an unsigned binary number converted to decimal?
- By summing the powers of 2 corresponding to each set bit
- What is two's complement?
- A method for representing signed integers in binary, allowing subtraction via addition
- How is a negative number represented in two's complement?
- By inverting all bits of its positive value and adding 1
- What is overflow, in binary arithmetic?
- When a calculation produces a result too large to fit in the allotted number of bits
- What is ASCII?
- A character encoding standard mapping text characters to numeric byte values
- What is Unicode?
- A character encoding standard supporting a much larger range of characters across world languages
- What is floating-point representation used for?
- Representing real numbers with a fractional component in binary
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