Polymer formation reactions and the organic chemistry of carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids taught in a college organic chemistry sequence.
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- What is addition (chain-growth) polymerization?
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Polymerization where monomers join together without the loss of any atoms.- What is condensation (step-growth) polymerization?
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Polymerization where monomers join together with the loss of a small molecule, usually water.- Which monomer polymerizes to form polyethylene?
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Ethylene (ethene)- What two types of monomers react to form nylon?
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A diamine and a dicarboxylic acid- What are the three mechanistic steps of free radical polymerization?
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Initiation, propagation, and termination- What is the main role of a Ziegler-Natta catalyst in polymerization?
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It controls the stereochemistry (tacticity) of the growing polymer chain- How does a thermoplastic polymer respond to heating?
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It softens and can be remelted or reshaped- How does a thermosetting polymer respond to heating after it has cured?
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It cannot be remelted; it decomposes instead because of permanent crosslinks- What type of bond links the repeating units of a polyester?
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Ester bonds- What is a copolymer?
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A polymer built from two or more different kinds of monomers- What is a monosaccharide?
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The simplest form of carbohydrate, which cannot be hydrolyzed into smaller sugar units- What class of sugar is glucose?
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An aldohexose (a six-carbon sugar with an aldehyde group)- What class of sugar is fructose?
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A ketohexose (a six-carbon sugar with a ketone group)- What is the anomeric carbon of a cyclic sugar?
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The new stereocenter created when the sugar's open-chain form cyclizes- What distinguishes the alpha anomer of a sugar from the beta anomer?
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The orientation of the OH group at the anomeric carbon relative to the CH2OH group
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