Cross-cutting formal logic vocabulary spanning validity, soundness, and consistency.
36 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- Valid argument
- An argument whose conclusion must be true whenever all premises are true
- Argument form
- The abstract structure of an argument that can be shared by different arguments with different content
- Sound argument
- A deductively valid argument with all true premises
- Inconsistent
- Cannot all be true at the same time
- Consistent
- Can all be true at the same time
- Contradiction
- A statement that is necessarily false, or two statements that cannot both be true
- Tautology
- A statement that is necessarily true under all interpretations
- Contingent
- True in some interpretations and false in others, neither tautologous nor contradictory
- Premise
- A statement given as evidence or a reason in an argument
- Conclusion
- The statement that an argument is intended to prove
- Deductive argument
- An argument where the premises are intended to guarantee the conclusion
- Inductive argument
- An argument where the premises provide evidence that makes the conclusion probable but not certain
- Modus ponens
- Valid inference form: if P then Q; P; therefore Q
- Modus tollens
- Valid inference form: if P then Q; not Q; therefore not P
- Affirming the consequent
- Invalid argument form: if P then Q; Q; therefore P
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