Open and closed angle glaucoma, intraocular pressure and optic nerve findings, glaucoma drug classes, cataract types, and surgical options.
39 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What is the most common form of glaucoma?
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Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).- In primary open-angle glaucoma, gonioscopy shows an anterior chamber angle that is ____.
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open- What is "pupillary block"?
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Pressure builds in the posterior chamber and pushes the peripheral iris forward against the trabecular meshwork, precipitating angle closure.- What are three classic symptoms of an acute angle-closure attack?
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Severe eye pain, blurred vision, and halos around lights.- What systemic symptoms often accompany acute angle-closure glaucoma?
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Nausea and vomiting.- What anatomical feature predisposes an eye to angle-closure glaucoma?
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A shallow anterior chamber, often found in hyperopic (farsighted) eyes.- Why is primary open-angle glaucoma often missed until advanced?
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It progresses gradually and painlessly, usually with no early symptoms.- What is the generally accepted normal range for intraocular pressure (IOP)?
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10 to 21 mmHg.- What test or instrument measures intraocular pressure?
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Tonometry, for example Goldmann applanation tonometry.- What term describes enlargement of the optic cup from loss of neuroretinal rim tissue?
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Optic disc cupping.- What cup-to-disc ratio or inter-eye asymmetry raises suspicion for glaucoma?
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A ratio greater than 0.6, or marked asymmetry between the two eyes.- What focal sign of the neuroretinal rim suggests glaucomatous damage?
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Notching, or focal thinning, of the neuroretinal rim.- What is the classic visual field defect pattern caused by glaucoma?
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An arcuate (Bjerrum) scotoma.- What imaging modality quantifies retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in glaucoma evaluation?
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Optical coherence tomography (OCT).- What is the purpose of gonioscopy?
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To directly visualize and classify the anterior chamber angle as open or closed.
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