Clinical trial design and biostatistics concepts for evaluating drug literature tested on the NAPLEX, as cloze cards with each term defined.
36 cards · cloze cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- In hypothesis testing, the ____ states that there is no difference or no effect between the groups being compared.
- null hypothesis
- The ____ states that a true difference or effect does exist between the groups being compared.
- alternative hypothesis
- A ____ occurs when a study rejects a true null hypothesis, concluding there is an effect when none actually exists.
- Type I error
- A ____ occurs when a study fails to reject a false null hypothesis, missing a real effect that does exist.
- Type II error
- The probability of committing a Type I error is denoted by ____, commonly set at 0.05.
- alpha
- The probability of committing a Type II error is denoted by ____.
- beta
- Statistical power is calculated as ____.
- 1 minus beta
- Statistical ____ is the probability that a study will correctly detect a true effect when one truly exists.
- power
- A ____ less than the predetermined alpha level indicates that a result is statistically significant.
- p-value
- A ____ provides a range of values within which the true population parameter is likely to fall.
- confidence interval
- If the 95% confidence interval for a relative risk or odds ratio includes the value ____, the result is not statistically significant.
- 1
- ____ is the number of patients who must be treated with an intervention to prevent one additional bad outcome.
- Number needed to treat
- Number needed to treat is calculated as ____.
- 1 divided by the absolute risk reduction
- ____ is the number of patients who must be exposed to a treatment for one additional patient to experience a harmful outcome.
- Number needed to harm
- ____ is the difference between the event rate in the control group and the event rate in the treatment group.
- Absolute risk reduction