Clinical trial design and biostatistics concepts for evaluating drug literature tested on the NAPLEX, as cloze cards with each term defined.
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36 cloze cards for NAPLEX NAPLEX. It opens with "In hypothesis testing, the ____ states that there is no difference or no effect" and "The ____ states that a true difference or effect does exist between the groups". More Healthcare and Nursing decks are listed below.
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- In hypothesis testing, the ____ states that there is no difference or no effect between the groups being compared.
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null hypothesis- The ____ states that a true difference or effect does exist between the groups being compared.
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alternative hypothesis- A ____ occurs when a study rejects a true null hypothesis, concluding there is an effect when none actually exists.
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Type I error- A ____ occurs when a study fails to reject a false null hypothesis, missing a real effect that does exist.
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Type II error- The probability of committing a Type I error is denoted by ____, commonly set at 0.05.
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alpha- The probability of committing a Type II error is denoted by ____.
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beta- Statistical power is calculated as ____.
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1 minus beta- Statistical ____ is the probability that a study will correctly detect a true effect when one truly exists.
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power- A ____ less than the predetermined alpha level indicates that a result is statistically significant.
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p-value- A ____ provides a range of values within which the true population parameter is likely to fall.
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confidence interval- If the 95% confidence interval for a relative risk or odds ratio includes the value ____, the result is not statistically significant.
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1- ____ is the number of patients who must be treated with an intervention to prevent one additional bad outcome.
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Number needed to treat- Number needed to treat is calculated as ____.
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1 divided by the absolute risk reduction- ____ is the number of patients who must be exposed to a treatment for one additional patient to experience a harmful outcome.
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Number needed to harm- ____ is the difference between the event rate in the control group and the event rate in the treatment group.
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Absolute risk reduction
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