Common flawed argument patterns (correlation-causation, equivocation, circular reasoning) and argument structures tested in LSAT logical reasoning, distinct from the vocabulary-focused logic terminology deck.
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- What error occurs when an argument treats a correlation between two things as proof that one causes the other?
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Correlation-causation confusion- What is the flaw when an argument uses the same word in two different senses?
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Equivocation- What fallacy occurs when an argument uses its conclusion as evidence for itself?
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Circular reasoning (or begging the question)- What error attacks the person making an argument rather than the argument itself?
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Ad hominem- What fallacy invokes an expert or authority on a topic outside their area of expertise?
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Appeal to inappropriate authority- What error occurs when an argument generalizes from a small, unrepresentative sample?
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Hasty generalization- What fallacy presents only two options when more than two actually exist?
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False dichotomy (or false dilemma)- What error occurs when an argument misrepresents an opponent's view to make it easier to attack?
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Strawman argument- What fallacy introduces irrelevant information to distract from the main argument?
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Red herring- What error assumes that because B followed A in time, A must have caused B?
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Post hoc ergo propter hoc- What is the flaw in this conditional reasoning: If P then Q. Q is true, so P is true?
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Affirming the consequent- What is the flaw in this conditional reasoning: If P then Q. P is false, so Q is false?
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Denying the antecedent- What fallacy argues that if one step is permitted, a chain of bad consequences will inevitably follow?
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Slippery slope- What error argues that something is true because most people believe it?
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Appeal to popularity (or appeal to the masses)- What error argues that something should be done because it has always been done that way?
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Appeal to tradition
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