Core mechanics, electricity, and waves concepts from the IB Physics syllabus. Front: the term or formula. Back: definition or formula with a brief usage note.
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- Displacement
- The straight-line distance and direction from an object's starting point to its final position.
- Velocity
- The rate of change of displacement with respect to time, including direction.
- Acceleration
- The rate of change of velocity with respect to time.
- Newton's first law
- An object remains at rest or in uniform motion unless acted on by a net external force.
- Newton's second law
- The net force on an object equals its mass multiplied by its acceleration, F equals ma.
- Newton's third law
- For every action force, there is an equal and opposite reaction force.
- Mass versus weight
- Mass measures the amount of matter in an object, while weight is the gravitational force acting on that mass.
- Momentum
- The product of an object's mass and velocity, a vector quantity measuring motion.
- Conservation of momentum
- In a closed system with no external forces, the total momentum before a collision equals the total momentum after.
- Impulse
- The product of force and the time over which it acts, equal to the change in momentum it causes.
- Work
- The energy transferred when a force moves an object through a distance in the direction of the force.
- Kinetic energy
- The energy an object possesses due to its motion, equal to one half mass times velocity squared.
- Gravitational potential energy
- The energy an object has due to its position in a gravitational field, equal to mass times gravity times height.
- Conservation of energy
- Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form into another.
- Power
- The rate at which work is done or energy is transferred, measured in watts.
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