First and second laws, ideal gases, steam tables, Carnot, Rankine and Brayton cycles, refrigeration and psychrometrics.
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- What does the first law of thermodynamics state?
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Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or converted between forms- State the relationship: H = ?
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H = U + PV, where U is internal energy and PV is flow work- In thermodynamics, what is work?
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Energy transfer due to a force acting over distance or pressure-volume expansion- In thermodynamics, what is heat?
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Energy transfer driven by a temperature difference across a boundary- State the second law of thermodynamics
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Entropy of an isolated system always increases or remains constant- Define entropy
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A measure of disorder or irreversibility in a system- What is the Carnot efficiency formula?
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eta = 1 - (T_cold / T_hot), where temperatures are in Kelvin- List the ideal gas assumptions
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Molecules have negligible volume, no intermolecular forces, and undergo perfectly elastic collisions- State the ideal gas law
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PV = nRT or P = rho * R * T in specific form- What is the specific gas constant?
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R_specific = R_universal / M, the gas constant per unit mass- In an isothermal process, what remains constant?
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Temperature remains constant- In an adiabatic process, what is zero?
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Heat transfer is zero (Q = 0)- In an isobaric process, what remains constant?
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Pressure remains constant- In an isochoric process, what remains constant?
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Volume remains constant, and work done is zero (W = 0)- List the four processes in the Carnot cycle
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Two isothermal processes and two adiabatic processes
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