C++ syntax beyond C, namespaces, references, const correctness, std::string, std::vector basics, streams and function overloading.
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- What is a namespace in C++?
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A scope region that holds a set of identifiers to avoid naming conflicts between different parts of code or libraries- How do you declare a namespace?
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namespace NamespaceName { /* declarations */ }- How do you access a member of a namespace?
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Use the scope resolution operator: NamespaceName::memberName- What does 'using namespace std;' do?
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Brings all names from the std namespace into the current scope, so you can use them without the std:: prefix- What is a reference in C++?
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An alias to an existing variable that acts like another name for that variable- What is the syntax for declaring a reference?
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Type& referenceName = existingVariable;- Can a reference be null in C++?
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No, a reference must always refer to a valid object and cannot be null- Can a reference be reassigned to refer to a different variable?
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No, once a reference is bound to a variable, it always refers to that same variable- What is the main difference between a reference and a pointer?
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References cannot be null, cannot be reassigned, and do not require dereferencing; pointers can be all three- What is a const reference?
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A reference to a constant that prevents modification of the referenced object through that reference- What is const correctness in C++?
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Using the const keyword appropriately to prevent unintended modifications and make intent explicit- Are 'int const x' and 'const int x' equivalent?
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Yes, both declare a constant integer; const can appear before or after the type- What does 'const' on a function parameter do?
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Prevents the function from modifying the parameter- What is std::string?
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A standard library class that represents a dynamic sequence of characters- Which header must you include to use std::string?
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#include <string>
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