Pointer declaration and arithmetic, malloc, calloc, realloc, free, function pointers, memory leaks and dangling pointers.
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- How do you declare a pointer to an integer in C?
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int *ptr; or int* ptr;- What does the & (address-of) operator return?
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The memory address of a variable- What does the * (dereference) operator do?
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Accesses the value stored at the address the pointer points to- What is the purpose of a void pointer?
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A generic pointer that can point to any data type- If ptr points to an int and you execute ptr++, how many bytes does the address increase by?
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The size of an int, typically 4 bytes on most systems- What is the result of subtracting one pointer from another?
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The number of elements between them in memory- What is the difference between ptr++ and ++ptr when advancing a pointer in a loop?
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Post-increment returns the old value, pre-increment returns the new value, but both advance the pointer the same amount- What value does a NULL pointer represent?
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An uninitialized or invalid address, typically defined as 0 or 0x0- What does malloc stand for?
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Memory allocation- What does malloc return if it fails to allocate memory?
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NULL (a null pointer)- Which header file contains malloc?
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stdlib.h- Does malloc initialize allocated memory to any specific value?
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No, the memory contains garbage values- What is the correct syntax to allocate an array of 10 integers using malloc?
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int *arr = (int*)malloc(10 * sizeof(int));- What are the two parameters of the calloc function?
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The number of elements and the size of each element in bytes- What is the main advantage of calloc over malloc?
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calloc initializes all allocated memory to zero
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