Formative and summative assessment, validity, reliability, rubrics, norm-referenced and criterion-referenced tests, and grading.
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- What is formative assessment?
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Assessment conducted during learning to monitor progress and inform instructional decisions.- What is the primary purpose of formative assessment?
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To provide feedback and guide instruction during the learning process.- When does formative assessment typically occur?
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During the learning process, before instruction is complete.- Name three examples of formative assessment tools.
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Exit tickets, classroom discussions, quizzes, observations, questioning, and think-pair-share.- How does feedback function in formative assessment?
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It informs students and teachers about progress and areas needing improvement.- What is summative assessment?
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Assessment conducted after learning is complete to measure overall achievement.- What is the primary purpose of summative assessment?
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To evaluate student learning and assign grades at the end of a unit or course.- When does summative assessment typically occur?
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After instruction is complete, at the end of a unit, semester, or course.- Name three examples of summative assessment.
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Final exams, end-of-unit tests, standardized tests, and graded projects or essays.- How do formative and summative assessments differ in function?
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Formative informs instruction during learning; summative evaluates achievement after learning.- What is validity in assessment?
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The degree to which an assessment measures what it is intended to measure.- What is content validity?
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The degree to which an assessment covers the full range of content it is supposed to assess.- What is construct validity?
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The degree to which an assessment measures the theoretical construct it claims to measure.- What is criterion validity?
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The degree to which an assessment correlates with an external criterion or related measure.- What is face validity?
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The appearance that an assessment measures what it is supposed to measure, based on surface observation.
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