Epidemiology basics, levels of prevention, and community health assessment concepts tested on NCLEX-RN.
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- What is epidemiology?
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The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states in populations.- What is incidence rate?
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The number of new cases of a disease in a population during a specific time period.- What is prevalence?
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The total number of existing cases (new and old) of a disease in a population at a given time.- What term describes a disease that is constantly present at a low level in a specific population or region?
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Endemic- What term describes a sudden increase in disease cases above what is normally expected in a population?
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Epidemic- What term describes an epidemic that has spread over multiple countries or continents?
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Pandemic- What is an outbreak?
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A sudden rise in cases of a disease in a limited geographic area.- What is attack rate?
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The proportion of a population that develops disease during a specific outbreak, over a specific short time period.- What is a crude rate?
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A rate that measures an event in an entire population without adjusting for specific factors like age.- What is case fatality rate?
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The proportion of people diagnosed with a disease who die from it.- What does morbidity refer to?
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The state of being diseased or the frequency of illness in a population.- What does mortality rate measure?
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The frequency of death in a defined population during a specific time period.- What are the three components of the epidemiologic triangle?
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Agent, host, and environment.- In the epidemiologic triangle, what is the 'agent'?
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The cause of the disease, such as a pathogen, chemical, or physical factor.- In the epidemiologic triangle, what is the 'host'?
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The organism, usually a person, that harbors and may develop the disease.
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