Human factors in aviation safety and crew resource management concepts used in pilot training programs.
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- What does CRM stand for in aviation?
- Crew Resource Management
- Define Crew Resource Management in aviation.
- The effective use of all available resources (human, hardware, and information) to achieve safe and efficient flight operations.
- What are the four main pillars of Crew Resource Management?
- Communication, coordination, decision-making, and workload management
- What is situational awareness in the cockpit?
- The pilot's accurate understanding of the aircraft, the flight environment, and the status of all systems at any given moment.
- Define 'sterile cockpit' concept.
- A procedure in which non-essential conversations and activities are prohibited during critical flight phases (typically below 10,000 feet during taxi, takeoff, and landing).
- What is a standard callout in aviation?
- A verbal announcement of aircraft status or actions made at defined points to ensure all crew members are aware and in agreement.
- What does 'cross-check' mean in crew operations?
- A procedure where one crew member verifies the actions or decisions of another to catch errors and confirm correct procedures.
- What is workload management in the cockpit?
- The process of distributing tasks among crew members and prioritizing actions to maintain a manageable level of mental and physical demand.
- What is the cockpit briefing and when should it occur?
- A structured conversation between pilots before flight where procedures, weather, route, and potential threats are reviewed and discussed.
- What is the sterile cockpit rule violation most commonly caused by?
- Non-essential social conversation or interruptions during critical flight phases.
- What does assertiveness mean in the context of CRM?
- The ability to voice concerns, ask questions, or challenge decisions without being aggressive, in order to prevent errors.
- What is the difference between task-focused and person-focused communication?
- Task-focused addresses the job or procedure; person-focused addresses the individual performing it. Both are needed for effective CRM.
- What is automation awareness in modern cockpits?
- Pilots' continuous understanding of what the autopilot and automated systems are doing, what they will do next, and when manual control may be needed.
- What is a 'go/no-go' decision in aviation?
- A critical decision point made before flight where the crew determines whether conditions are safe enough to proceed or must abort/delay.
- What are the main types of human error in aviation?
- Skill-based errors (lapses, slips), rule-based errors (misapplying a known rule), and knowledge-based errors (lack of understanding).