AP Physics 1 momentum, energy conservation, and rotational motion concepts explained conceptually.
38 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What is momentum?
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The product of an object's mass and velocity.- State the impulse-momentum theorem.
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Impulse (force times time) equals the change in momentum.- When is momentum conserved in a system?
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When the net external force on the system is zero.- How do elastic and inelastic collisions differ?
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Elastic collisions conserve kinetic energy; inelastic collisions convert some kinetic energy to other forms.- In an elastic collision, which two quantities are conserved?
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Momentum and kinetic energy.- What is the center of mass?
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The point where the entire mass of an object or system can be treated as concentrated.- Define kinetic energy.
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The energy of motion, equal to one-half mass times velocity squared.- Define gravitational potential energy.
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The energy an object has due to its height in a gravitational field, equal to mass times gravitational acceleration times height.- State the work-energy theorem.
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The net work done on an object equals its change in kinetic energy.- What is a conservative force?
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A force where the work done depends only on initial and final positions, not the path taken.- Name one example of a non-conservative force.
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Friction or air resistance.- How does friction affect mechanical energy?
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Friction converts mechanical energy into thermal energy, reducing the system's total mechanical energy.- Under what condition is mechanical energy conserved?
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When only conservative forces do work on the system.- Define power.
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The rate at which work is done or energy is transferred.- What is the relationship between power and efficiency?
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Efficiency is the ratio of useful power output to total power input.
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