IV catheter and central line setup, fluid warmer and infusion pump equipment, and basic fluid management concepts tested on the Cer.A.T. certification exam.
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- The most common site for peripheral IV catheter placement
- The forearm or hand veins
- A larger IV catheter gauge number corresponds to
- A smaller physical catheter diameter
- An 18-gauge or larger IV catheter is generally preferred for
- Rapid fluid resuscitation or blood product administration
- A central venous catheter differs from a peripheral IV in that it
- Terminates in a large central vein, such as the superior vena cava, rather than a peripheral vein
- A common insertion site for a central venous catheter
- The internal jugular, subclavian, or femoral vein
- A key indication for central venous access over peripheral access
- Need for vasoactive medications, central venous pressure monitoring, or poor peripheral access
- A common complication of subclavian central line placement
- Pneumothorax
- Ultrasound guidance for central line placement primarily helps reduce the risk of
- Arterial puncture and failed cannulation attempts
- An arterial line is used intraoperatively primarily for
- Continuous, beat-to-beat blood pressure monitoring and arterial blood gas sampling
- The most common site for arterial line placement
- The radial artery
- The Allen test is performed before radial arterial line placement to
- Assess collateral ulnar artery blood flow to the hand before cannulating the radial artery
- A pulmonary artery (Swan-Ganz) catheter is used to measure
- Pulmonary artery pressure and estimate left-sided filling pressures via pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
- Crystalloid intravenous fluids, such as normal saline and lactated Ringer's, primarily distribute into
- The extracellular fluid compartment
- Colloid intravenous fluids, such as albumin, are intended to primarily remain within the
- Intravascular space, due to their larger molecular size
- Lactated Ringer's solution differs from normal saline in that it
- Contains electrolytes closer to plasma concentration, including potassium, calcium, and lactate as a bicarbonate precursor
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