Polis, colonization, Persian Wars, Athens and Sparta, the Peloponnesian War, and Delian League.
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- What is a polis?
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A Greek city-state consisting of a fortified urban center and surrounding countryside, the fundamental political unit of ancient Greece- What was the acropolis in a Greek city?
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The fortified hilltop citadel containing temples and serving as the spiritual and military center of a polis- What was the agora?
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The central public square in a polis serving as a marketplace, meeting place, and civic gathering point- What were the two main social groups in archaic Greek poleis?
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Free citizens and enslaved peoples, with some poleis also having resident aliens (metics)- What was the Great Colonization period?
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The era from roughly 750 to 550 BCE when Greeks established colonies throughout the Mediterranean and Black Sea- What were the main reasons Greeks established colonies during the archaic period?
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To relieve overpopulation at home, access new trade routes, acquire agricultural land, and obtain raw materials- What is a Greek metropolis in the colonial context?
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The mother city that founded a colony, which remained culturally and religiously tied to the colony but did not control it politically- Name a major Greek colony in Sicily or Southern Italy
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Syracuse, Tarentum, Metapontum, or Acragas are all acceptable examples- When did the Persian Wars occur?
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From 492 to 479 BCE, with major campaigns under Darius I and Xerxes- Who led the Persian invasion of Greece?
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Xerxes I, king of Persia, leading the largest invasion force in 480 BCE (Darius I led the first campaign in 490 BCE)- What was the significance of the Battle of Marathon?
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A Greek victory in 490 BCE that defeated the Persian invasion under Darius I and raised Greek confidence- What happened at Thermopylae in 480 BCE?
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A small Greek force led by Leonidas held a mountain pass against the Persians before being outflanked and defeated- What was the Battle of Salamis?
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A naval battle in 480 BCE where the Greek fleet defeated the larger Persian navy in a strait near Athens- What was the Battle of Plataea?
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The final major land battle of the Persian Wars in 479 BCE, where Greeks achieved a decisive victory that ended the invasion- Which two Greek city-states led the resistance against Persia?
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Athens and Sparta, which coordinated through the Hellenic League
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