Early Rome, magistracies, Punic Wars, Gracchi, Caesar, civil wars, and the principate.
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- When did the Roman Republic traditionally begin?
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509 BCE- Who was the last king of Rome?
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Tarquin the Proud (Lucius Tarquinius Superbus)- What was a consul?
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Chief executive magistrate of the Republic, usually two per year- What was a tribune?
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Magistrate representing plebeian interests, wielding the power to veto- What was a censor?
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Magistrate responsible for the census, enrollment of senators, and moral oversight- What were the Punic Wars?
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Series of three wars between Rome and Carthage for Mediterranean dominance- What naval innovation gave Rome an advantage in the First Punic War?
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The corvus, a boarding bridge allowing hand-to-hand combat at sea- Date the three Punic Wars.
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First (264-241 BCE), Second (218-201 BCE), Third (149-146 BCE)- Who was Hannibal?
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Carthaginian general famous for his invasion of Italy in the Second Punic War- What route did Hannibal take to invade Italy?
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Across the Alps with his army and elephants- What was the Battle of Cannae (216 BCE)?
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Hannibal's greatest victory, where he trapped and destroyed a Roman army- Who defeated Hannibal at the end of the Second Punic War?
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Scipio Africanus at Zama in 202 BCE- What was the outcome of Rome's victory in the Punic Wars?
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Rome became the dominant Mediterranean power, displacing Carthage entirely- Who were the Gracchi brothers?
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Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus, reformers who attempted land redistribution in the late 2nd century BCE- What land reform did Tiberius Gracchus propose?
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Redistribution of public land to poor citizens to strengthen small farmers
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