Key Uzbek sounds, letters, and minimal pairs for accurate pronunciation. Front: the sound, letter, or example word. Back: meaning plus a plain-English pronunciation note.
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- O'
- A rounded back vowel, similar to the o in British law; distinct from plain o
- G'
- A voiced sound made further back in the throat, close to a gargled French r
- X
- A raspy, breathy sound like the ch in Scottish loch
- H
- A softer, breathy h sound, like English h in hat
- Q
- A hard k-like sound produced further back in the throat than k
- Sh
- Pronounced like English sh in shoe
- Ch
- Pronounced like English ch in chair
- Ng
- A nasal sound like the ng in English sing, found at the end of syllables
- Ot vs O't
- Horse versus fire; the apostrophe marks a distinct vowel that changes the meaning
- Tol vs To'l
- Willow tree versus to be filled; a minimal pair showing the o and o' distinction
- Word stress
- Uzbek stress usually falls on the last syllable of a word
- Vowel harmony
- Uzbek has largely lost the vowel harmony found in other Turkic languages like Turkish
- Qor vs Qo'r
- Snow versus ember; a minimal pair distinguishing plain o from o'
- Bola vs Bo'la
- Child versus being (a verb form); shows the importance of the apostrophe vowel
- R
- A rolled or tapped r, similar to Spanish r
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