Commonly dispensed antibiotics, antivirals and antifungals: classes, uses, and counseling points.
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- What drug class does amoxicillin belong to?
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Penicillin (aminopenicillin) antibiotic- In Augmentin (amoxicillin/clavulanate), what is clavulanate's role?
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A beta-lactamase inhibitor that extends amoxicillin's spectrum against resistant bacteria- What infection is penicillin VK classically used to treat?
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Streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat)- What generation of cephalosporin is cephalexin?
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First-generation cephalosporin- How is ceftriaxone typically administered?
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By IM or IV injection; it is not available as an oral tablet- What is the typical length of a standard azithromycin 'Z-pack' course?
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5 days, often with a double dose on day 1 then once daily- Why should clarithromycin be used cautiously with certain statins?
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Clarithromycin inhibits CYP3A4, which can raise statin levels and increase the risk of myopathy- What common side effect limits erythromycin's tolerability?
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GI upset, including nausea and stomach cramping- What should patients avoid taking close to a dose of doxycycline?
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Dairy products, antacids, and iron or calcium supplements, which chelate and reduce absorption- What skin reaction risk should doxycycline patients be counseled about?
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Photosensitivity, an increased risk of sunburn- Why are tetracyclines generally avoided in children under 8 and in pregnancy?
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They can cause permanent tooth discoloration and affect bone growth- What antibiotic class does ciprofloxacin belong to?
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Fluoroquinolone- What black box warning applies to fluoroquinolones like ciprofloxacin?
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Risk of tendinitis and tendon rupture- Like tetracyclines, what should be separated from fluoroquinolone doses?
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Dairy products and products with calcium, magnesium, or iron, which reduce absorption- What counseling point applies to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (Bactrim)?
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Increase fluid intake and use sun protection due to photosensitivity risk
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