Brown, Loving, Regents v. Bakke, Obergefell, and other equal protection decisions with holdings.
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- In what landmark 1954 case did the Supreme Court strike down 'separate but equal' in public schools?
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Brown v. Board of Education- What prior case did Brown v. Board of Education explicitly overrule?
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Plessy v. Ferguson- What was the 'separate but equal' doctrine established in Plessy v. Ferguson?
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The doctrine that racial segregation was constitutional if separate facilities were substantially equal- What did Sweatt v. Painter establish about 'separate but equal' in graduate education?
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That a separate law school for Black students was not equal to the University of Texas law school- In what year was Loving v. Virginia decided?
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1967- What did Loving v. Virginia strike down?
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State laws banning interracial marriage, called antimiscegenation laws- On what constitutional basis did the Court invalidate antimiscegenation laws in Loving v. Virginia?
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The Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment- What did Regents of University of California v. Bakke hold about racial quotas in university admissions?
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The Court struck down rigid racial quotas as unconstitutional- Did Regents v. Bakke permit the use of race as one factor in university admissions?
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Yes, the Court held that race could be considered as one factor among many in a holistic review- What legal standard applies to laws involving suspect classifications based on race?
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Strict scrutiny, the most demanding level of review requiring a compelling government interest and narrow tailoring- In what year was Obergefell v. Hodges decided?
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2015- What did Obergefell v. Hodges establish?
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The constitutional right to same-sex marriage- On what constitutional grounds did the Court base the right to same-sex marriage in Obergefell?
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The Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses of the 14th Amendment- What did the Court hold in Craig v. Boren about gender-based classifications?
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Gender classifications are subject to intermediate scrutiny, not rational basis review- What is the standard of review that applies to gender-based classifications?
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Intermediate scrutiny, which requires the classification to serve important government objectives and be substantially related to achieving those objectives
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