Types of regimes, democratic quality, backsliding, populism, and civil society.
40 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What is authoritarianism?
Show answer
A system of government in which power is held by a single person or small group, not derived from democratic processes.- Define civil society
Show answer
The realm of organized social life outside the state and market, including civic organizations, NGOs, and community groups.- What is democratic backsliding?
Show answer
A process of decline in democratic institutions, norms, and practices that reduces the quality of democracy over time.- Define populism
Show answer
A political ideology centered on a conflict between a 'pure people' and a corrupt elite, claiming to represent popular will.- What distinguishes electoral democracy?
Show answer
A system in which political leaders are chosen through competitive multiparty elections with universal suffrage.- What is totalitarianism?
Show answer
An authoritarian system seeking total control over all aspects of public and private life under a single ideology.- Explain the separation of powers
Show answer
The division of government into three branches (executive, legislative, judicial) designed to prevent concentration of power.- What is personalist authoritarianism?
Show answer
Rule by a single individual whose authority is based on personal charisma rather than formal institutions.- Define democratic quality
Show answer
The degree to which a political system achieves rule of law, accountability, participation, and protection of civil liberties.- What is competitive authoritarianism?
Show answer
A hybrid regime that holds multiparty elections but systematically advantages the ruling party through unequal competition.- Define the rule of law
Show answer
The principle that all persons and institutions, including government officials, are subject to law.- What is a hybrid regime?
Show answer
A political system combining characteristics of both democracy and authoritarianism, neither firmly consolidated.- Explain military dictatorship
Show answer
Authoritarian rule by military officers as an institutional organization, not by civilians or a single strongman.- What does anti-pluralism mean in populism?
Show answer
The populist rejection of the legitimacy of competing values, interests, and viewpoints in society.- Define civil liberties
Show answer
Individual freedoms such as speech, religion, conscience, and association protected from government interference.
FlashKeepers