Theories of consciousness and mental states including dualism, functionalism, and the mind-body problem.
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- What is Cartesian dualism?
- The view that mind and body are two distinct substances, one mental and one physical.
- Who is most associated with dualism in philosophy of mind?
- René Descartes
- What is the mind-body problem?
- The philosophical puzzle of explaining how mental states relate to and interact with physical states.
- Define qualia.
- The subjective, experiential qualities of sensations or perceptions, such as how red looks or how pain feels.
- What is the hard problem of consciousness?
- The problem of explaining why and how physical brain processes give rise to subjective conscious experience.
- What does physicalism claim?
- Everything that exists, including all mental phenomena, is ultimately physical in nature.
- What is functionalism?
- Mental states are defined by their causal roles or functional relationships, not by their underlying physical composition.
- Define property dualism.
- The view that only one substance exists (the physical), but mental properties are fundamentally distinct from physical properties.
- What is Frank Jackson's knowledge argument?
- A thought experiment about Mary, a scientist who knows all physical facts about color but has never seen color, used to argue against physicalism.
- What is phenomenal consciousness?
- The subjective, experiential aspect of mental states, the first-person quality of what an experience is like.
- What is the philosophical zombie argument?
- The argument that conceivable beings physically identical to humans but lacking consciousness show that physicalism is false.
- Define intentionality in philosophy of mind.
- The property of mental states of being directed toward or about something; having content or meaning.
- What is identity theory?
- The view that mental states are identical to or realized by specific brain states or neural processes.
- What is eliminative materialism?
- The view that folk psychology is fundamentally mistaken and mental states as commonly understood do not actually exist.
- What is the problem of mental causation?
- The philosophical problem of explaining how mental events can cause physical events, given that physical events have physical causes.