Identifying and naming common organic functional groups from an intro organic chemistry course.
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- Alkane functional group
- Contains only C-C single bonds and C-H single bonds
- What functional group has a C=C double bond?
- Alkene
- Alkyne functional group
- Contains a carbon-carbon triple bond
- Alkyl halide functional group
- A carbon bonded to a halogen atom (F, Cl, Br, or I), structure R-X
- Alcohol functional group
- A hydroxyl group (OH) bonded to a carbon atom
- What is the structure of an ether?
- An oxygen atom bonded to two carbon groups, R-O-R
- Aldehyde functional group
- A carbonyl group at the end of a carbon chain, structure R-CHO
- Ketone functional group
- A carbonyl group bonded to two carbon groups, structure R-CO-R
- Carboxylic acid functional group
- A carbonyl group bonded to a hydroxyl group, structure R-COOH
- Ester functional group
- A carbonyl bonded to an oxygen which is bonded to an alkyl group, structure R-COO-R
- Primary amine functional group
- An NH2 group bonded to one carbon atom
- Secondary amine functional group
- An NH group bonded to two carbon atoms
- Tertiary amine functional group
- A nitrogen atom bonded to three carbon atoms, with a lone pair on nitrogen
- Amide functional group
- A carbonyl bonded to a nitrogen, structure R-CO-NH2, R-CO-NHR, or R-CO-NR2
- Nitrile functional group
- A carbon bonded to nitrogen with a triple bond, structure R-C#N