Clinical localization from cortex to peripheral nerve: stroke syndromes by artery, brainstem syndromes, spinal cord lesions, and cranial nerve patterns.
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- Occlusion of which artery produces contralateral face and arm weakness greater than leg weakness, often with aphasia if the dominant hemisphere is affected?
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Middle cerebral artery (MCA)- Occlusion of which artery produces contralateral leg weakness greater than arm weakness, sometimes with abulia or personality changes?
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Anterior cerebral artery (ACA)- Occlusion of which artery produces an isolated contralateral homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing?
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Posterior cerebral artery (PCA)- Occlusion of the small lenticulostriate branches of the MCA classically causes which lacunar syndrome?
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Pure motor hemiparesis- A lacunar infarct in the thalamus (VPL nucleus) classically causes which syndrome?
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Pure sensory stroke- Occlusion of the anterior choroidal artery classically causes which triad of findings?
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Contralateral hemiparesis, hemisensory loss, and homonymous hemianopia- Complete occlusion of the basilar artery at the level of the pons can cause what devastating syndrome?
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Locked-in syndrome: quadriplegia and inability to speak, with preserved consciousness and vertical eye movements- Infarction in the territory of which artery causes Wallenberg (lateral medullary) syndrome?
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Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)- In Wallenberg syndrome, loss of facial pain and temperature sensation is on which side relative to the lesion?
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Ipsilateral- In Wallenberg syndrome, loss of body (trunk and limb) pain and temperature sensation is on which side relative to the lesion?
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Contralateral- Wallenberg syndrome often includes ipsilateral ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis because of damage to which descending pathway?
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The descending sympathetic (oculosympathetic) pathway, producing Horner syndrome- Infarction in the territory of which artery causes lateral pontine (AICA) syndrome?
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Anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)- AICA syndrome adds which two ipsilateral cranial nerve findings that are typically absent in Wallenberg syndrome?
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Ipsilateral facial weakness (CN VII) and hearing loss (CN VIII)- Weber syndrome pairs an ipsilateral CN III palsy with which contralateral finding?
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Hemiparesis- Weber syndrome results from a lesion in which part of the brainstem?
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The ventral midbrain (cerebral peduncle)
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