Biochemical pathways, enzymes, and metabolism concepts relevant to the MCAT biological sciences section. Front: the term or pathway. Back: a plain-language definition or function.
40 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What is the net ATP yield from glycolysis per glucose molecule (substrate-level phosphorylation only)?
- 2 ATP
- Where in the cell does glycolysis take place?
- The cytoplasm (cytosol)
- What is the rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis?
- Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1)
- Which enzyme complex converts pyruvate into acetyl-CoA?
- Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
- Where is the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex located?
- The mitochondrial matrix
- What is another name for the citric acid cycle?
- The Krebs cycle (also called the TCA cycle)
- Where does the citric acid cycle take place?
- The mitochondrial matrix
- How many NADH molecules are produced per acetyl-CoA that enters the citric acid cycle?
- 3 NADH
- What is the rate-limiting enzyme of the citric acid cycle?
- Isocitrate dehydrogenase
- Where is the electron transport chain located?
- The inner mitochondrial membrane
- What is the final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain?
- Oxygen
- By what mechanism does ATP synthase generate ATP?
- Chemiosmosis, using the flow of protons down their electrochemical gradient
- What reaction does Complex IV of the electron transport chain catalyze?
- Reduction of oxygen to water
- Approximately how much total ATP does complete aerobic oxidation of one glucose molecule yield?
- About 30 to 32 ATP
- What is gluconeogenesis?
- The synthesis of new glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors such as lactate, glycerol, and amino acids