Core formal logic and logical reasoning vocabulary tested on the LSAT, framed as original concept cards.
42 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What is a conditional statement in logic?
- A statement in the form 'if P, then Q' where P is the antecedent and Q is the consequent.
- What is the contrapositive of 'If P, then Q'?
- If not Q, then not P. The contrapositive is logically equivalent to the original conditional.
- Is the contrapositive logically equivalent to the original conditional?
- Yes. A statement and its contrapositive are always logically equivalent and have identical truth conditions.
- What is the converse of 'If P, then Q'?
- If Q, then P. The converse is NOT logically equivalent to the original.
- What is the inverse of 'If P, then Q'?
- If not P, then not Q. The inverse is NOT logically equivalent to the original.
- What is a necessary condition?
- A condition that must be true for something else to be true. If P is necessary for Q, then Q cannot occur without P.
- What is a sufficient condition?
- A condition that, if true, guarantees something else is true. If P is sufficient for Q, then P guarantees Q.
- In 'If P, then Q', which is the necessary condition and which is sufficient?
- P is sufficient for Q; Q is necessary for P.
- What is the negation of a statement?
- The opposite truth value. If a statement is true, its negation is false, and vice versa.
- What is a disjunction in logic?
- A statement joined by 'or,' true when at least one component is true. In formal logic, this is usually inclusive (or both).
- What is a conjunction in logic?
- A statement joined by 'and,' true only when both components are true.
- What are De Morgan's Laws?
- Not (P and Q) is equivalent to (not P) or (not Q). Not (P or Q) is equivalent to (not P) and (not Q).
- What is logical equivalence?
- Two statements are logically equivalent if they have the same truth value in all possible scenarios.
- What is an assumption in logical reasoning?
- An unstated premise that must be true for an argument to work. The argument depends on it even though it is not explicitly stated.
- What is a premise in an argument?
- A stated reason or evidence offered to support the conclusion. Premises are the building blocks of an argument.