The three rock types, the rock cycle, and mineral identification from an intro geology course.
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- What are the three main categories of rocks?
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Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic- How do igneous rocks form?
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From the cooling and crystallization of magma or lava- What is the difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks?
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Intrusive cool slowly underground (coarse crystals); extrusive cool quickly at the surface (fine crystals)- Name a coarse-grained intrusive igneous rock
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Granite- Name a fine-grained extrusive igneous rock
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Basalt- How do sedimentary rocks form?
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From compaction and cementation of sediment at the surface- What is the rock cycle?
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The continuous process by which rocks form, break down, and reform over geological time- What process breaks rocks into smaller pieces at Earth's surface without transport?
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Weathering- Distinguish physical weathering from chemical weathering
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Physical weathering breaks rock apart without changing mineral composition; chemical weathering alters mineral composition- What process transports weathered rock material from one place to another?
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Erosion- What is deposition in the rock cycle?
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The dropping or settling of sediment in a new location- What is compaction in sedimentary rock formation?
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The pressing and consolidation of sediment by the weight of overlying material- What is cementation in sedimentary rock formation?
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The binding together of sediment grains by minerals precipitated from groundwater- Name a common clastic sedimentary rock formed from sand-sized grains
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Sandstone- Name a chemical sedimentary rock formed by precipitation
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Limestone
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