Autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked, and mitochondrial inheritance patterns with a representative disorder for each.
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- What is a gene?
- A segment of DNA that codes for a specific trait or protein.
- What is an allele?
- An alternative version of a gene.
- What is a genotype?
- The genetic makeup of an organism for a given trait.
- What is a phenotype?
- The observable physical or biochemical traits of an organism.
- What does it mean for an organism to be homozygous for a gene?
- It has two identical alleles for that gene.
- What does it mean for an organism to be heterozygous for a gene?
- It has two different alleles for that gene.
- In a pedigree chart, what shape represents a male individual?
- A square.
- In a pedigree chart, what shape represents a female individual?
- A circle.
- In a pedigree chart, what does a filled-in (shaded) symbol usually mean?
- The individual is affected by the trait or disorder being tracked.
- How many copies of the mutant allele are needed to express an autosomal dominant trait?
- Just one copy.
- In autosomal dominant inheritance, does an affected child usually have at least one affected parent?
- Yes, in nearly all cases.
- Does an autosomal dominant trait typically skip a generation?
- No, it typically appears in every generation.
- If one parent is heterozygous (Aa) and the other is unaffected (aa) for an autosomal dominant trait, ____ of their offspring are expected to be affected.
- 50 percent
- Which autosomal dominant disorder causes progressive breakdown of nerve cells in the brain?
- Huntington's disease.
- Symptoms of Huntington's disease typically begin during which stage of life?
- Mid-adulthood (around the 30s to 40s).