PCR, next-generation sequencing, and CRISPR gene editing technology concepts at the introductory genomics level.
30 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What does PCR stand for?
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Polymerase Chain Reaction- What is the main purpose of PCR?
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To amplify a specific segment of DNA into millions of copies- Who invented PCR in 1983?
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Kary Mullis- Which enzyme is used to synthesize new DNA strands during PCR?
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Taq DNA polymerase- From what organism is Taq polymerase originally derived?
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Thermus aquaticus, a heat loving bacterium- What are the three steps of a single PCR cycle, in order?
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Denaturation, annealing, extension- What happens during the denaturation step of PCR?
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The DNA is heated (about 95C) so the double strand separates into two single strands- What happens during the annealing step of PCR?
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Primers bind to their complementary sequences on the single stranded DNA template- What happens during the extension step of PCR?
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DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the primer, synthesizing a new complementary DNA strand- What is a primer in PCR?
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A short, synthetic single strand of DNA complementary to the start of the target sequence, needed to begin DNA synthesis- What does NGS stand for?
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Next-Generation Sequencing- What is the key advantage of NGS over Sanger sequencing?
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It sequences millions of DNA fragments in parallel, rather than one at a time- What method does Sanger sequencing use to stop DNA synthesis at each base?
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Chain termination using dideoxynucleotides (ddNTPs)- What is the basic principle behind Illumina sequencing?
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Sequencing by synthesis: a fluorescent signal is detected each time a base is added to a growing DNA strand- In sequencing, what is a 'read'?
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A short stretch of DNA sequence produced by a sequencer
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