Intro Mendelian genetics concepts including alleles, punnett squares, and inheritance patterns.
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- What is a gene?
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A segment of DNA that codes for a specific trait or protein- What is an allele?
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A variant form of a gene; one of two or more versions of the same gene- What does dominant mean in genetics?
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A trait that appears in an organism when at least one copy of the dominant allele is present- What does recessive mean in genetics?
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A trait that only appears when two copies of the recessive allele are present- What is genotype?
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The genetic makeup of an organism; the alleles it carries- What is phenotype?
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The observable physical characteristics of an organism; what the organism looks like- What is homozygous?
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Having two identical alleles for a trait- What is heterozygous?
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Having two different alleles for a trait- What is a Punnett square?
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A diagram used to predict the genotypes and phenotypes of offspring from a cross- What is a monohybrid cross?
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A cross between two organisms that differ in only one trait- What is a dihybrid cross?
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A cross between two organisms that differ in two traits- What is Mendel's Law of Segregation?
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During reproduction, allele pairs separate, and each gamete receives one allele from each pair- What is Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment?
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Traits assort independently during gamete formation; inheritance of one trait does not affect inheritance of another- What is a test cross?
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A cross between an organism showing the dominant phenotype and a homozygous recessive organism- In a monohybrid cross between two heterozygotes, what is the phenotypic ratio?
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3 to 1 (three dominant to one recessive)
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