Intro Mendelian genetics concepts including alleles, punnett squares, and inheritance patterns.
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- What is a gene?
- A segment of DNA that codes for a specific trait or protein
- What is an allele?
- A variant form of a gene; one of two or more versions of the same gene
- What does dominant mean in genetics?
- A trait that appears in an organism when at least one copy of the dominant allele is present
- What does recessive mean in genetics?
- A trait that only appears when two copies of the recessive allele are present
- What is genotype?
- The genetic makeup of an organism; the alleles it carries
- What is phenotype?
- The observable physical characteristics of an organism; what the organism looks like
- What is homozygous?
- Having two identical alleles for a trait
- What is heterozygous?
- Having two different alleles for a trait
- What is a Punnett square?
- A diagram used to predict the genotypes and phenotypes of offspring from a cross
- What is a monohybrid cross?
- A cross between two organisms that differ in only one trait
- What is a dihybrid cross?
- A cross between two organisms that differ in two traits
- What is Mendel's Law of Segregation?
- During reproduction, allele pairs separate, and each gamete receives one allele from each pair
- What is Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment?
- Traits assort independently during gamete formation; inheritance of one trait does not affect inheritance of another
- What is a test cross?
- A cross between an organism showing the dominant phenotype and a homozygous recessive organism
- In a monohybrid cross between two heterozygotes, what is the phenotypic ratio?
- 3 to 1 (three dominant to one recessive)