Basic cosmetic chemistry including pH, common active ingredients, and product formulation concepts for estheticians.
32 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What is the pH scale range?
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0 to 14, with 7 being neutral- What does a pH below 7 indicate?
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The substance is acidic- What does a pH above 7 indicate?
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The substance is alkaline or basic- What is the normal pH of healthy skin?
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4.5 to 5.5, slightly acidic- What does using products above pH 7 do to the skin barrier?
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Disrupts it, causing irritation and sensitivity- Define a surfactant
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A molecule that reduces surface tension and allows oil and water to mix- What is an emulsifier?
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An ingredient that stabilizes mixtures of oil and water together- What is the purpose of preservatives in cosmetics?
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Prevent the growth of bacteria, mold, and yeast- Define a humectant
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An ingredient that draws water into the skin from the air and deeper layers- What do emollients do?
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Soften and smooth the skin by filling in gaps between skin cells- Define an occlusive ingredient
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A substance that forms a protective barrier on the skin to prevent water loss- What are antioxidants used for in skincare?
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Neutralize free radicals that damage skin cells and cause premature aging- What do alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) do?
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Exfoliate the outer layer of skin by loosening bonds between dead skin cells- What do beta hydroxy acids (BHAs) do?
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Exfoliate and penetrate pores to remove oil and dead skin from inside pores- Name one common AHA used in esthetics
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Glycolic acid, lactic acid, or malic acid
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