Pediatric assessment triangle, common childhood emergencies, and normal delivery and obstetric complication steps tested on the EMT-B exam.
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- What are the three components of the Pediatric Assessment Triangle (PAT)?
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Appearance, work of breathing, and circulation to skin.- In the PAT, what does the appearance component evaluate?
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Tone, interactiveness, consolability, gaze, and quality of speech or cry.- In the PAT, what does work of breathing evaluate?
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Abnormal airway sounds, body positioning, retractions, nasal flaring, and apnea or gasping.- In the PAT, what does circulation to skin evaluate?
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Pallor, mottling, and cyanosis.- When during a pediatric assessment is the PAT performed?
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Before the hands-on exam, as part of the general impression.- Why can an infant's airway be obstructed more easily than an adult's?
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An infant's tongue is proportionally larger relative to the size of the mouth.- Up to about what age are infants considered obligate nose breathers?
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About 6 months old.- Why should padding be placed under an infant's shoulders, not the head, when positioning for airway management?
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An infant's larger occiput tips the head forward when lying flat, so shoulder padding keeps the airway aligned.- Why are children more prone to hypoxia than adults?
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They have a faster metabolic rate and higher oxygen demand.- Why are infants and children at higher risk for hypothermia?
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They have a proportionally larger body surface area relative to body mass, so they lose heat faster.- Why can a relatively small amount of blood loss be dangerous for an infant?
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Infants have a much smaller absolute circulating blood volume than adults.- How do children typically respond to shock compared to adults?
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They compensate for a longer period, then decompensate suddenly and rapidly.- What is the most common cause of cardiac arrest in infants and children?
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Respiratory failure leading to hypoxia.- What age range is most commonly affected by febrile seizures?
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About 6 months to 6 years old.- What are the classic signs of croup?
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A barking cough and stridor, often worse at night.
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