Pediatric assessment triangle, common childhood emergencies, and normal delivery and obstetric complication steps tested on the EMT-B exam.
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- What are the three components of the Pediatric Assessment Triangle (PAT)?
- Appearance, work of breathing, and circulation to skin.
- In the PAT, what does the appearance component evaluate?
- Tone, interactiveness, consolability, gaze, and quality of speech or cry.
- In the PAT, what does work of breathing evaluate?
- Abnormal airway sounds, body positioning, retractions, nasal flaring, and apnea or gasping.
- In the PAT, what does circulation to skin evaluate?
- Pallor, mottling, and cyanosis.
- When during a pediatric assessment is the PAT performed?
- Before the hands-on exam, as part of the general impression.
- Why can an infant's airway be obstructed more easily than an adult's?
- An infant's tongue is proportionally larger relative to the size of the mouth.
- Up to about what age are infants considered obligate nose breathers?
- About 6 months old.
- Why should padding be placed under an infant's shoulders, not the head, when positioning for airway management?
- An infant's larger occiput tips the head forward when lying flat, so shoulder padding keeps the airway aligned.
- Why are children more prone to hypoxia than adults?
- They have a faster metabolic rate and higher oxygen demand.
- Why are infants and children at higher risk for hypothermia?
- They have a proportionally larger body surface area relative to body mass, so they lose heat faster.
- Why can a relatively small amount of blood loss be dangerous for an infant?
- Infants have a much smaller absolute circulating blood volume than adults.
- How do children typically respond to shock compared to adults?
- They compensate for a longer period, then decompensate suddenly and rapidly.
- What is the most common cause of cardiac arrest in infants and children?
- Respiratory failure leading to hypoxia.
- What age range is most commonly affected by febrile seizures?
- About 6 months to 6 years old.
- What are the classic signs of croup?
- A barking cough and stridor, often worse at night.